GABATAR DA ALKYL POLYGLUCOSIDES

Alkyl glucosides sun ƙunshi ragowar alkyl na hydrophobic da aka samo daga barasa mai kitse da tsarin saccharide na hydrophilic wanda aka samo daga D-glucose, waɗanda aka haɗa ta hanyar haɗin glycosidic. Alkyl glucosides suna nuna ragowar alkyl tare da kusan atom na C6-C18, kamar yadda mafi yawan surfactants daga wasu nau'ikan abubuwa, misali sanannun alkyl polyglycol ethers. Shahararriyar halayyar ita ce rukunin rukunin hydrophilic, wanda aka kafa ta tsarin saccharide tare da raka'o'in D-glucose guda ɗaya ko glycosidically masu alaƙa. A cikin sinadarai na kwayoyin halitta, an samo sassan D-glucose daga carbohydrates, waɗanda aka samo su a ko'ina cikin yanayi a cikin nau'i na sukari ko oligo da polysaccharides. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa raka'a D-glucose babban zaɓi ne ga ƙungiyar hydrophilic na surfactants, tunda carbohydrates kusan ba su ƙarewa, albarkatun da ake sabunta su. Alkyl glucosides za a iya wakilta a cikin sassauƙa da kuma gama gari ta hanyar dabararsu.

Tsarin raka'a D-glucose yana nuna ƙwayoyin carbon guda 6. Adadin rukunin D-glucose a cikin alkyl polyglucosides shine n = 1 a cikin alkyl monoglucosides, n = 2 a cikin alkyl diglucosides, n = 3 a cikin alkyl triglucosides, da sauransu. A cikin wallafe-wallafen, gaurayawan alkyl glucosides tare da lambobi daban-daban na rukunin D-glucose galibi ana kiran su alkyl oligoglucosides ko alkyl polyglucosides. Yayin da sunan "alkyl oligoglucoside" yayi daidai a cikin wannan mahallin, kalmar "alkyl polyglucoside" yawanci yaudara ce, tunda surfactant alkyl polyglucosides da wuya ya ƙunshi fiye da raka'a D-glucose guda biyar don haka ba polymers ba ne. A cikin ma'auni na alkyl polyglucosides, n yana nuna matsakaicin adadin D-glucose raka'a, watau, digiri na polymerization n wanda yawanci tsakanin 1 da 5. Tsawon sarkar na hydrophobic alkyl residues yawanci tsakanin X = 6 da X = 8 carbon atom.

Hanyar da ake kera surfactant alkyl glucosides, musamman zaɓin albarkatun ƙasa, yana ba da damar bambance-bambancen samfuran ƙarshe, waɗanda na iya zama tsarkakakken alkyl glucosides ko gaurayawan alkyl glucosides. Ga na farko, ana amfani da ka'idojin nomenclature na al'ada da aka yi amfani da su a cikin sinadarai na carbohydrate a cikin wannan rubutu. Abubuwan gaurayawan alkyl glucoside da ake amfani da su akai-akai azaman kayan aikin fasaha ana ba da sunaye marasa mahimmanci kamar "alkyl polyglucosides," ko "APGs." Ana ba da bayani a cikin rubutun inda ya cancanta.

Ƙididdigar ƙididdiga ba ta bayyana hadaddun stereochemistry da polyfunctionality na alkyl glucosides. Ragowar sarkar alkyl mai tsayi na iya mallakar kwarangwal na carbon mai layi ko reshe, kodayake ragowar alkyl na madaidaiciya galibi ana ba da fifiko. Maganar sinadarai, duk rukunin D-glucose polyhydroxyacetals ne, waɗanda galibi sun bambanta a cikin tsarin zoben su (wanda ake samu daga zoben furun memba biyar ko pyran mai memba shida) haka kuma a cikin tsarin anomeric na tsarin acetal. Haka kuma, akwai zaɓuɓɓuka daban-daban don nau'in haɗin gwiwar glycosidic tsakanin rukunin D-glucose na alkyl oligosaccharides. Musamman a cikin ragowar saccharide na alkyl polyglucosides, waɗannan bambance-bambancen da zasu yiwu suna haifar da nau'ikan nau'ikan, tsarin sinadarai masu rikitarwa, suna sanya ƙirar waɗannan abubuwa da wahala.