Abubuwan da ake buƙata na ƙirar ƙirar alkyl glycoside dangane da haɗin Fisher sun dogara ne akan nau'in carbohydrate da aka yi amfani da shi da kuma tsawon sarkar barasa da aka yi amfani da shi. Samar da ruwa mai narkewa alkyl glycosides dangane da octanol / decanol da dodecanol / tetradecanol an fara gabatar da shi. . Alkyl polyglycosides wanda, don DP da aka ba, ba su narkewa a cikin ruwa saboda barasa da aka yi amfani da su (yawan adadin C a cikin alkyl chian≥16) ana magance su daban.
A karkashin yanayin alkyl polyglucoside kira catalyzed ta acid, ana samar da samfurori na biyu kamar polyglucose ether da ƙazanta masu launin launi. , irin su zafin jiki, matsa lamba, lokacin amsawa, mai kara kuzari, da dai sauransu.Daya daga cikin matsalolin da aka warware ta hanyar ci gaban masana'antu alkyl polyglycosides samar a cikin 'yan shekarun nan shi ne rage girman samuwar na biyu kayayyakin alaka da kira.
Gabaɗaya, gajeriyar sarkar barasa (C8/10-OH) da ƙarancin DP (babban yawan barasa) alkyl glycosides suna da ƙarancin samarwa. A cikin lokacin amsawa, tare da karuwar barasa mai yawa, samar da samfurori na biyu ya ragu. Yana rage danniya na thermal kuma yana kawar da barasa da yawa a lokacin samar da samfurori na pyrolysis.
Fisher glycosides za a iya bayyana a matsayin tsari wanda glucose ke amsawa da sauri a mataki na farko kuma an cimma daidaiton oligomer. Wannan mataki yana biye da raguwar raguwar alkyl glycosides. Tsarin lalata ya ƙunshi matakai irin su dealkylation da polymerization, wanda, a ƙara maida hankali, irreversibly Forms a thermodynamically mafi barga polyglucose.The dauki cakuda wuce mafi kyau duka dauki lokaci ake kira overreaction.Idan dauki aka ƙare prematurely, sakamakon dauki cakuda ƙunshi babban adadin sauran glucose.
Asarar abubuwa masu aiki na alkyl glucoside a cikin cakuda amsawa yana da alaƙa mai kyau tare da samuwar polyglucose. A cikin hali na wuce kima dauki, da dauki cakuda sannu a hankali ya zama polyphase sake ta hanyar hazo na polyglucose.Saboda haka, samfurin ingancin da samfurin yawan amfanin ƙasa suna da tsanani tasiri a lokacin da dauki termination.Farawa da m glucose, da alkyl glycosides a cikin na biyu kayayyakin. ƙananan abun ciki, ƙyale sauran abubuwan polar (polyglucose) da sauran carbohydrates don a tace su daga cikin cakuda mai amsawa wanda bai taɓa yin cikakken amsa ba.
A cikin ingantaccen tsari, ƙaddamarwar samfurin etherification yana da ƙananan ƙananan (dangane da yanayin zafin jiki, lokaci, nau'in mai kara kuzari da maida hankali, da dai sauransu).
Hoto na 4 yana nuna yanayin yanayin kai tsaye na dextrose da barasa mai mai (C12 / 14-OH).

Zazzabi da matsa lamba na sigogin amsawa suna da alaƙa da juna a cikin halayen fischer glycation. Don samar da alkyl polyglycosides tare da ƙananan samfuran na biyu, matsa lamba da zafin jiki dole ne a daidaita su da juna kuma ana sarrafa su sosai.
Alkyl polyglycosides low a cikin samfurori na biyu wanda ya haifar da ƙananan yanayin zafi (℃) a cikin acetalization. Koyaya, ƙananan yanayin zafi yana haifar da in mun gwada da tsayin lokacin amsawa (dangane da tsayin sarkar barasa) da ƙarancin takamaiman ingantaccen aikin reactor. Ingantacciyar yanayin zafi (100 ℃, yawanci 110-120 ℃) ​​na iya haifar da canje-canje a cikin launi na carbohydrates. Ta hanyar cire ƙananan-tafasa samfuran amsawa (ruwa a cikin kira kai tsaye, gajeriyar sarkar alcohols a cikin tsarin transacetalization) daga cakuda amsawa, an canza ma'aunin acetalization zuwa gefen samfurin. Idan an samar da ruwa mai yawa a kowane raka'a na lokaci, misali ta yanayin zafi mai yawa, dole ne a yi tanadi don kawar da wannan ruwa mai inganci daga gaurayawan dauki. Wannan yana rage halayen biyu (musamman samuwar polydextrose) wanda ke faruwa a gaban ruwa. Ingancin evaporation na matakin amsawa ya dogara ba kawai akan matsa lamba ba, har ma da yankin ƙafe, da sauransu. Matsalolin amsawa na yau da kullun a cikin transacetalization da bambance-bambancen haɗin kai tsaye tsakanin 20 da 100mbar.
Wani muhimmin mahimmancin haɓakawa shine haɓakar abubuwan da aka zaɓa a cikin tsarin glycosidation, don haka hana, alal misali, samuwar polyglucose da etherification. Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, acetal ko baya acetal a cikin Fischer kira yana catalyzed ta acid. Bisa ka'ida, kowane acid na isasshen ƙarfi. ya dace da wannan dalili, irin su sulfuric acid, p-toluene da alkyl benzenesulfonic acid da kuma sulfonic succinic acid. Yawan amsawa ya dogara da acidity da ƙaddamar da acid a cikin barasa.Hanyoyin na biyu wanda kuma za a iya catalyzed ta acid (acid). misali, polyglucose samuwar) faruwa da farko a cikin iyakacin duniya lokaci (trace ruwa) na dauki cakuda, da kuma alkyl sarƙoƙi da za a iya rage ta yin amfani da hydrophobic acid (misali, alkyl benzenesulfonic acid) suna narkar da farko a cikin m iyakacin duniya lokaci na cakuda dauki.
Bayan abin da ya faru, mai kara kuzari na acid yana raguwa tare da tushe mai dacewa, irin su sodium hydroxide da magnesium oxide.The neutralized dauki cakuda shi ne kodadde rawaya bayani dauke da 50 zuwa 80 bisa dari m alcohols. Babban abun ciki na barasa mai kitse ya samo asali ne saboda rabon molar carbohydrates zuwa barasa mai kitse. An daidaita wannan rabo don samun takamaiman DP don masana'antu alkyl polyglycosides, kuma yawanci tsakanin 1: 2 da 1: 6.
Ana cire barasa mai kitse da ya wuce kima ta hanyar distillation. Muhimman sharuɗɗan iyaka sun haɗa da:
– Ragowar abun ciki mai kitse a cikin samfurin dole ne ya kasance<1% saboda wasu
hikima solubility da wari suna adversely shafi.
- Don rage samuwar samfuran pyrolysis maras so ko abubuwan da suka canza launin, matsananciyar zafi da lokacin zama na samfurin da aka yi niyya dole ne a kiyaye ƙasa gwargwadon iyawa dangane da tsawon sarkar barasa.
-Babu monoglycoside da yakamata ya shiga cikin distillate saboda ana sake yin amfani da distillate a cikin dauki azaman barasa mai kitse.
Game da dodecanol / tetradecanol, ana amfani da waɗannan buƙatun don kawar da barasa mai yawa, waɗanda suka fi dacewa ta hanyar ditillation multistage. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa yayin da abun ciki na barasa ya ragu, danko yana ƙaruwa sosai. Wannan a fili yana lalata zafi da canja wurin taro a lokacin distillation na ƙarshe.
Don haka, an fi son masu fitar da sirara ko gajere. A cikin waɗannan evaporators, fim ɗin motsi na injiniya yana ba da mafi girma fiye da ingancin evaporation da ɗan gajeren lokacin zama na samfur, da kuma injina mai kyau. Na ƙarshe samfurin bayan distillation ne kusan tsarki alkyl polyglycoside, wanda tara a matsayin m tare da narkewa batu na 70 ℃ zuwa 150 ℃. Babban matakan aiwatar da haɗin alkyl an taƙaita su azaman Hoto 5.

Dangane da tsarin masana'anta da aka yi amfani da shi, ɗayan ko biyu na sake zagayowar barasa ya taru a cikin samar da alkyl polyglycoside; barasa masu kitse da yawa, yayin da gajerun sarkar barasa za a iya dawo dasu gaba daya. Ana iya sake amfani da waɗannan barasa a cikin halayen da suka biyo baya. Bukatar tsarkakewa ko yawan aiwatar da matakan tsarkakewa ya dogara da ƙazantar da aka tara a cikin barasa. Wannan ya dogara ne akan ingancin matakan da suka gabata (misali dauki, cire barasa).
Bayan an cire barasa mai kitse, sinadarin alkyl polyglycoside yana narkar da shi kai tsaye a cikin ruwa ta yadda za a sami manna na alkyl polyglycoside daga 50 zuwa 70% sosai. A cikin matakan gyare-gyare na gaba, ana yin wannan manna har zuwa samfur mai gamsarwa daidai da buƙatun da suka danganci aiki. Waɗannan matakan tacewa na iya haɗawa da bleaching samfurin, daidaita halayen samfur, kamar ƙimar Ph da abun ciki mai aiki, da daidaitawar ƙwayoyin cuta. A cikin wallafe-wallafen haƙƙin mallaka, akwai misalan misalai da yawa na ragewa da bleaching oxidative da matakai biyu na bleaching oxidative da rage ƙarfafawa. Ƙoƙarin da kuma saboda haka farashin da ke cikin waɗannan matakai na tsari don samun wasu siffofi masu kyau, irin su launi, ya dogara da bukatun aiki, a kan kayan farawa, DP da ake buƙata da ingancin matakan tsari.
Hoto 6 yana kwatanta tsarin samar da masana'antu don dogon sarkar alkyl polyglycosides (C12/14 APG) ta hanyar haɗin kai tsaye)