HANYOYIN KANARAR ALKYL GLUCOSIDES

Fischer glycosidation ita ce hanya daya tilo ta hanyar hada sinadarai wacce ta ba da damar ci gaban ingantattun hanyoyin tattalin arziki da fasaha na yau don samar da alkyl polyglucosides masu girma. Tsire-tsire masu iya aiki sama da 20,000 t/ shekara an riga an fara aiwatar da su kuma suna haɓaka kewayon samfuran masana'antar surfactants tare da wakilai masu aiki da ƙasa dangane da albarkatun da ake sabunta su. D-Glucose da C8-C16 masu kitse masu kitse sun tabbatar sun zama abincin abinci da aka fi so. Ana iya jujjuya waɗannan hanyoyin zuwa saman-aiki alkyl polyglucosides ta hanyar Fischer glycosidation kai tsaye ko transglycosidation mataki biyu ta hanyar butyl polyglucoside a gaban abubuwan haɓaka acid, tare da ruwa azaman samfuri. Dole ne a narkar da ruwan daga gaurayawan amsawa domin a canza ma'aunin amsawa zuwa samfuran da ake so. A lokacin aiwatar da glycosidation, inhomogeneities a cikin cakuda dauki ya kamata a kauce masa, saboda suna haifar da wuce kima na abin da ake kira polyglucosides, waɗanda ba a so. Yawancin dabarun fasaha don haka suna mai da hankali kan daidaita abubuwan da ke haifar da n-glucose da barasa, waɗanda ba su da kyau saboda bambance-bambance a cikin polarity. A lokacin dauki, glycosidic bond yana samuwa duka tsakanin barasa mai kitse da n-glucose da tsakanin sassan n-glucose da kansu. Alkyl polyglucosides saboda haka suna zama azaman gaurayawan ɓangarorin tare da lambobi daban-daban na raka'o'in glucose a ragowar alkyl mai dogon sarkar. Kowane ɗayan waɗannan yanki, bi da bi, yana da yawa daga cikin manyan abubuwan da aka yi da su a lokacin da aka yi amfani da glycuose yana faruwa da wuraren haɗin D-GlycosiDic suna faruwa a wurare da yawa . Matsayin anomer na rukunin D-glucose yana kusan α/β＝ 2: 1 kuma yana da wahala a yi tasiri a ƙarƙashin yanayin da aka kwatanta na haɗin Fischer. A ƙarƙashin yanayin da ake sarrafa ma'aunin zafi da sanyio, raka'o'in n-glucose da ke ƙunshe a cikin cakuɗen samfur sun kasance galibi ta hanyar pyranosides. Matsakaicin adadin n-glucose raka'a a kowane ragowar alkyl, abin da ake kira digiri na polymerization, ainihin aiki ne na rabon molar abubuwan da ake fitarwa yayin samarwa. Sakamakon furucin su na surfactant da ya dace [1], ana ba da fifiko na musamman ga alkyl polyglucosides tare da digiri na polymerization tsakanin 1 da 3, wanda kusan 3-10 mol barasa mai kitse dole ne a yi amfani da kowane mole na n-glucose a cikin tsari.

Matsayin polymerization yana raguwa yayin da barasa mai yawa ya karu. An raba barasa masu kitse da yawa kuma ana dawo dasu ta hanyar tsarin distillation mai matakai da yawa tare da faɗuwar fitar da fim, ta yadda za'a iya kiyaye danniya mai zafi zuwa ƙarami. Yawan zafin jiki ya kamata ya yi girma sosai kuma lokacin tuntuɓar a cikin yankin zafi kawai ya isa don tabbatar da isasshiyar distillation na barasa mai kitse da ya kwarara daga alkyl polyglucoside narke ba tare da wani gagarumin ruɓewa ba. Za'a iya amfani da jerin matakan ƙafewa da fa'ida don raba da farko ƙananan juzu'i mai tafasa, sannan babban adadin barasa mai kitse, kuma a ƙarshe sauran barasa mai kitse, har sai alkyl polyglycoside ya narke a matsayin ragowar ruwa mai narkewa.

Ko da a ƙarƙashin mafi ƙarancin yanayi don haɗawa da ƙafewar barasa mai kitse, launin ruwan kasa mara kyau zai faru, kuma ana buƙatar matakan bleaching don tace samfurin. Ɗayan hanyar bleaching da ta tabbatar da dacewa ita ce ƙara wani wakili na oxidizing, kamar hydrogen peroxide, zuwa wani tsari mai ruwa na alkyl polyglycoside a cikin matsakaici na alkaline a gaban ions magnesium.

Yawancin karatu da bambance-bambancen da aka yi amfani da su a cikin haɗakarwa, bayan-sarrafawa da gyare-gyaren tsari suna ba da garantin cewa ko da a yau, har yanzu babu wani bayani mai amfani da “turnkey” don samun takamaiman samfurin sa. Akasin haka, duk matakan aiwatarwa suna buƙatar ƙirƙira. Dongfu yana ba da wasu shawarwari don ƙirar mafita da mafita na fasaha, kuma ya bayyana yanayin sinadarai da na jiki don amsawa, rabuwa da tsarin tsaftacewa.

Dukkanin manyan matakai guda uku - transglycosidation iri ɗaya, tsarin slurry, da fasahar ciyar da glucose-ana iya amfani da su a ƙarƙashin yanayin masana'antu. Lokacin transglycosidation, maida hankali na matsakaicin butyl polyglucoside, wanda ke aiki azaman mai solubilizer don educts D-glucose da butanol, dole ne a kiyaye shi sama da 15% a cikin cakudewar dauki don guje wa rashin daidaituwa. Don wannan dalili, yawan ruwa a cikin cakudawar amsawa da aka yi amfani da shi don haɗakarwar Fischer na alkyl polyglucosides dole ne a kiyaye shi a ƙasa da 1%. A mafi yawan abin da ke cikin ruwa akwai haɗarin juyar da D-glucose crystalline da aka dakatar ya zama babban taro, wanda daga baya zai haifar da mummunan aiki da wuce gona da iri. M stirring da homogenization inganta lafiya rarraba da reactivity na crystalline D-glucose a dauki cakuda.

Duk abubuwan fasaha da na tattalin arziki dole ne a yi la'akari da su yayin zabar hanyar haɗin gwiwa da mafi yawan bambance-bambancen sa. Hanyoyin transglycosidation masu kama da juna bisa D-glucose syrups sun bayyana musamman don ci gaba da samarwa akan sikeli. Suna ba da izinin tanadi na dindindin akan crystallization na albarkatun D-glucose a cikin sarkar da aka ƙara darajar, wanda fiye da rama babban saka hannun jari na lokaci ɗaya a cikin matakin transglycosidation da dawo da butanol. Yin amfani da n-butanol ba shi da wani lahani, tun da ana iya sake yin amfani da shi kusan gaba ɗaya ta yadda ragowar abubuwan da aka dawo da su a cikin samfuran ƙarshen da aka dawo dasu ba su zama kaɗan kawai a kowace miliyan ba, waɗanda za a iya la'akari da su ba su da mahimmanci. Fischer glycosidation kai tsaye bisa ga tsarin slurry ko fasahar ciyarwar glucose yana ba da matakin transglycosidation da dawo da butanol. Hakanan za'a iya aiwatar da shi gabaɗaya kuma yana kira don kashe kuɗi kaɗan kaɗan.

A nan gaba, wadata da farashin burbushin halittu da albarkatun da za a iya sabuntawa, da kuma ci gaban fasaha a cikin samar da alkyl polysaccharides, za su yi tasiri mai tasiri kan iyawar kasuwa da iya samar da ci gaba da aikace-aikace. Tushen polysaccharide ya riga yana da nasa hanyoyin fasaha waɗanda za su iya ba da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci a cikin kasuwar jiyya ta sama don kamfanonin da suka haɓaka ko suka karɓi irin waɗannan hanyoyin. Wannan gaskiya ne musamman lokacin da farashin yayi girma da ƙasa. Farashin masana'anta na masana'anta ya tashi zuwa matakin da aka saba, ko da farashin albarkatun ƙasa ya ragu kaɗan, zai iya gyara masu maye gurbin surfactants kuma yana iya ƙarfafa shigar da sabbin tsire-tsire na alkyl polysaccharide.