Tsarin transglycosidation ta amfani da D-glucose azaman albarkatun ƙasa.

Fischer glycosidation ita ce hanya daya tilo ta hanyar hada sinadarai wacce ta ba da damar ci gaban ingantattun hanyoyin tattalin arziki da fasaha na yau don samar da alkyl polyglucosides masu girma. Tsire-tsire masu iya aiki sama da 20,000 t/ shekara an riga an fara aiwatar da su kuma suna haɓaka kewayon samfuran masana'antar surfactants tare da wakilai masu aiki da ƙasa dangane da albarkatun da ake sabunta su. D-Glucose da C8-C16 masu kitse masu kitse sun tabbatar sun zama abincin abinci da aka fi so. Ana iya jujjuya waɗannan hanyoyin zuwa alkyl polyglycosides masu aiki ta hanyar Fischer glycosylation kai tsaye ko ta hanyar transglycosides mataki biyu na butyl polyglycoside a gaban mai haɓaka acid, tare da ruwa azaman samfuri. Dole ne a narkar da ruwa daga cakuɗen amsa don matsar da ma'auni zuwa samfurin da ake so. A cikin tsarin glycosylation, inhomogeneities a cikin cakuda dauki ya kamata a kauce masa saboda suna iya haifar da wuce kima na abin da ake kira polydextrose, wanda ba a so. Sabili da haka, dabarun fasaha da yawa suna mai da hankali kan abubuwan da ke kama da kamanni n-glucose da barasa, waɗanda ke da wahalar ɓarna saboda bambance-bambancen su. A lokacin dauki, glycosidic bond yana samuwa duka tsakanin barasa mai kitse da n-glucose da tsakanin sassan n-glucose da kansu. Alkyl polyglucosides saboda haka suna zama azaman gaurayawan ɓangarorin tare da lambobi daban-daban na raka'o'in glucose a ragowar alkyl mai dogon sarkar. Kowane ɗayan waɗannan yanki, bi da bi, yana da yawa daga cikin manyan abubuwan da aka yi da su a lokacin da aka yi amfani da glycuose yana faruwa da wuraren haɗin D-GlycosiDic suna faruwa a wurare da yawa . Matsayin anomer na rukunin D-glucose yana kusan α/β＝ 2: 1 kuma yana da wahala a yi tasiri a ƙarƙashin yanayin da aka kwatanta na haɗin Fischer. A ƙarƙashin yanayin da ake sarrafa ma'aunin zafi da sanyio, raka'o'in n-glucose da ke ƙunshe a cikin cakuɗen samfur sun kasance galibi ta hanyar pyranosides. Matsakaicin adadin raka'o'in glucose na al'ada a kowane ragowar alkyl, abin da ake kira digiri na polymerization, ainihin aiki ne na rabon molar educts yayin aikin masana'antu. Saboda kyawawan kaddarorin su na surfactant, alkyl polyglycosides tare da digiri na polymerization tsakanin 1 da 3 sun fi fifiko musamman, saboda haka dole ne a yi amfani da moles na 3-10 na barasa mai kitse a kowace mole na glucose na al'ada a wannan hanyar.

Matsayin polymerization yana raguwa a karuwa mai yawa na barasa mai kitse. An raba barasa mai kitse da ya wuce kima kuma ana dawo da su ta hanyar matakai da yawa na injin distillation tare da faɗuwar-fim, wanda ke sa ya yiwu a ci gaba da ɗanɗana zafin zafi. Yawan zafin jiki ya kamata ya zama babban isa kuma lokacin tuntuɓar a cikin yankin zafi kawai ya isa don tabbatar da isassun distillation na wuce haddi na barasa mai kitse da kwararar alkyl polyglucoside narke, ba tare da faruwar wani babban halayen bazuwar ba. Za'a iya amfani da jerin matakan ƙanƙara da kyau don ware ɓangarori masu ɗanɗano kaɗan na farko, sannan babban adadin barasa mai kitse, sannan a ƙarshe sauran barasa mai kitse har sai alkyl polyglucoside ya narke a matsayin ragowar mai narkewar ruwa.

Ko da a lokacin da ake yin kira da ƙafewar barasa mai kitse a ƙarƙashin mafi ƙarancin yanayi, launin ruwan kasa da ba a so yana faruwa, yana kira ga matakan bleaching don tace samfuran. Wata hanyar bleaching wacce ta tabbatar da dacewa ita ce ƙari na oxidants kamar hydrogen peroxide zuwa shirye-shiryen ruwa na alkyl polyglucosides a cikin matsakaiciyar alkaline a gaban ions na magnesium.

Binciken da yawa da bambance-bambancen da aka yi amfani da su yayin haɗawa, aiki, da tacewa sun nuna cewa ko da a yau har yanzu babu sauran hanyoyin da ake amfani da su na “turnkey” don samun takamaiman maki na samfur. Akasin haka, duk matakan aiwatarwa suna buƙatar aiki, daidaita su, da inganta su. Wannan babin ya ba da shawarwari kuma ya bayyana wasu hanyoyin da za a iya aiwatar da su don ƙirƙira hanyoyin fasaha, da kuma fayyace daidaitattun sinadarai da yanayi na zahiri don aiwatar da halayen, rabuwa, da gyare-gyare.

Dukkanin manyan matakai guda uku - transglycosidation iri ɗaya, tsarin slurry, da fasahar ciyar da glucose-ana iya amfani da su a ƙarƙashin yanayin masana'antu. Lokacin transglycosidation, maida hankali na matsakaicin butyl polyglucoside, wanda ke aiki azaman mai solubilizer don educts D-glucose da butanol, dole ne a kiyaye shi sama da 15% a cikin cakudewar dauki don guje wa rashin daidaituwa. Don wannan dalili, yawan ruwa a cikin cakudawar amsawa da aka yi amfani da shi don haɗakarwar Fischer na alkyl polyglucosides dole ne a kiyaye shi a ƙasa da 1%. A mafi yawan abin da ke cikin ruwa akwai haɗarin juyar da D-glucose crystalline da aka dakatar ya zama babban taro, wanda daga baya zai haifar da mummunan aiki da wuce gona da iri. M stirring da homogenization inganta lafiya rarraba da reactivity na crystalline D-glucose a dauki cakuda.

Duk abubuwan fasaha da na tattalin arziki dole ne a yi la'akari da su yayin zabar hanyar haɗin gwiwa da mafi yawan bambance-bambancen sa. Hanyoyin transglycosidation masu kama da juna bisa D-glucose syrups sun bayyana musamman don ci gaba da samarwa akan sikeli. Suna ba da izinin tanadi na dindindin akan crystallization na albarkatun D-glucose a cikin sarkar da aka ƙara darajar, wanda fiye da rama babban saka hannun jari na lokaci ɗaya a cikin matakin transglycosidation da dawo da butanol. Yin amfani da n-butanol ba shi da wani lahani, tun da ana iya sake yin amfani da shi kusan gaba ɗaya ta yadda ragowar abubuwan da aka dawo da su a cikin samfuran ƙarshen da aka dawo dasu ba su zama kaɗan kawai a kowace miliyan ba, waɗanda za a iya la'akari da su ba su da mahimmanci. Fischer glycosidation kai tsaye bisa ga tsarin slurry ko fasahar ciyarwar glucose yana ba da matakin transglycosidation da dawo da butanol. Hakanan za'a iya aiwatar da shi gabaɗaya kuma yana kira don kashe kuɗi kaɗan kaɗan.

Kasancewar gaba da farashin burbushin burbushin halittu da albarkatun da za a iya sabuntawa, da kuma ƙarin ci gaban fasaha a samarwa da aikace-aikacen alkyl polyglucosides, ana iya tsammanin samun tasiri mai mahimmanci kan haɓaka ƙarar kasuwar ƙarshen ƙarshen da ƙarfin samarwa. ƙwararrun hanyoyin fasaha waɗanda suka riga sun wanzu don samarwa da amfani da alkyl polyglucosides na iya ba da muhimmiyar gasa a cikin kasuwannin masu tasowa ga kamfanonin da suka haɓaka ko kuma sun riga sun yi amfani da irin waɗannan hanyoyin. Hakan na faruwa ne musamman idan an samu hauhawar farashin danyen mai da kuma karancin farashin hatsi. Tun da ƙayyadaddun farashin masana'anta tabbas akan matakin al'ada don masana'antar masana'antu mai yawa, har ma da raguwa kaɗan a cikin farashin albarkatun ƙasa na iya buƙatar maye gurbin kayayyaki na surfactants kuma yana iya ƙarfafa shigar da sabbin tsire-tsire don alkyl polyglucosides.