Abubuwan Alkyl Polyglucosides

Mai kama da polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers,alkyl polyglycosidesyawanci fasaha surfactants.Ana samar da su ta hanyoyi daban-daban na haɗin Fischer kuma sun ƙunshi rarraba nau'in nau'in nau'i tare da nau'i daban-daban na glycosidation wanda aka nuna ta ma'anar n-darajar.An bayyana wannan a matsayin rabon jimillar molar adadin glucose zuwa molar adadin barasa mai kitse a cikin alkyl polyglucoside, la'akari da matsakaicin nauyin kwayoyin halitta lokacin da ake aiki da gauraya mai kitse.Kamar yadda aka ambata yawancin alkyl polyglucosides masu mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen suna da ma'anar n-darajar 1.1-1.7.Don haka, sun ƙunshi alkyl monoglucosides da alkyl diglucosides a matsayin manyan abubuwan haɗin gwiwa, da kuma ƙananan adadin alkyl triglucosides, alkyl tetraglucosides, da sauransu. da kira polyglucose, da salts, yafi saboda catalysis (1.5-2.5%), kullum suna nan.Ana ƙididdige ƙididdiga game da abu mai aiki.Ganin cewa polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers ko wasu ethoxylates da yawa ana iya bayyana su ba tare da shakka ba ta hanyar rarraba ma'aunin kwayoyin halitta, kwatancin kwatankwacin bai isa ga alkyl polyglucosides ba saboda isomerism daban-daban yana haifar da ƙarin hadaddun samfuran samfuran.Bambance-bambancen da ke cikin azuzuwan surfactant guda biyu suna haifar da kaddarori daban-daban waɗanda suka samo asali daga ƙaƙƙarfan hulɗar ƙungiyoyin kai da ruwa da wani ɓangare na juna.

Rukunin ethoxylate na polyoxyethylene alkyl ether yana hulɗa da ruwa mai ƙarfi, yana samar da haɗin gwiwar hydrogen tsakanin oxygen ethylene da kwayoyin ruwa, don haka gina harsashi na hydration na micellar inda tsarin ruwa ya fi girma (ƙananan entropy da enthalpy) fiye da ruwa mai yawa.Tsarin hydration yana da ƙarfi sosai.Yawancin lokaci tsakanin kwayoyin ruwa biyu zuwa uku suna hade da kowane rukunin EO.

Yin la'akari da ƙungiyoyin glucosyl tare da ayyuka uku na OH don monoglucoside ko bakwai don diglucoside, ana sa ran halin alkyl glucoside zai bambanta da na polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers.Bayan ƙaƙƙarfan mu'amala da ruwa, akwai kuma runduna tsakanin ƙungiyoyin masu fafutuka a cikin micelles da kuma a wasu matakai.Ganin cewa kwatankwacin polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers kadai ruwa ne ko ƙananan daskararrun narkewa, alkyl polyglucosides sun fi narke daskararru saboda haɗin haɗin hydrogen intermolecular tsakanin ƙungiyoyin glucosyl maƙwabta.Suna nuna kaddarorin kristal na thermotropic na musamman, kamar yadda za'a tattauna a ƙasa.Abubuwan haɗin gwiwar hydrogen na intermolecular tsakanin ƙungiyoyin kan layi suma suna da alhakin ƙarancin narkewarsu a cikin ruwa.

Amma game da glucose kanta, hulɗar ƙungiyar glucosyl tare da kwayoyin ruwa da ke kewaye da shi ya faru ne saboda babban haɗin gwiwar hydrogen.Don glucose, yawan adadin kwayoyin ruwa da aka tsara ta tetrahedral ya fi na ruwa kawai.Don haka, glucose, kuma mai yiwuwa ma alkyl glucosides, ana iya rarraba su azaman “mai yin tsari,” hali mai kama da na ethoxylates.

Idan aka kwatanta da halayen ethoxylate micelle, ingantaccen dielectric tsaka tsaki na alkyl glucoside ya fi girma kuma ya fi kama da na ruwa fiye da na ethoxylate.Don haka, yankin da ke kusa da ƙungiyoyin a alkyl glucoside micele yana da ruwa-kamar.